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Interjections in English Grammar

An interjection is a word that expresses a strong emotion such as joy, sorrow, excitement, surprise, pain, or happiness. Interjections are typically brief words or sounds that convey the speaker’s immediate emotional reaction.

Examples:
Wow, Hurrah, Hurray, Oh, Alas, Ouch, Oops, Aha, Yahoo, Eww, Bravo, etc.

A complete list of common interjections is provided at the end.

Examples in Sentences

Hurrah! We won the game. (Joy)
Hurrah! I passed the exam. (Joy)
Alas! I failed the exam. (Sorrow)
Alas! My brother died. (Sorrow)
Wow! What a beautiful car. (Surprise)
Wow! How intelligent you are. (Surprise)
Oh! I forgot to bring my purse. (Sorrow)
Ouch! It hurts. (Pain)
Eww! It tastes so bad. (Dislike)
Yahoo! I won a prize. (Joy)
Huh! I don’t care. (Scorn)

Interjections are often short sounds or words such as Hurrah, Wow, Oh, Ouch, and Huh. However, some adjectives, nouns, and phrasal verbs can also function as interjections.

Adjectives Used as Interjections

Examples:

Great! You helped the poor.
Nice! You played very well.
Good! We can use it.
Sweet! It looks so cute.

Nouns Used as Interjections

Examples:

Congratulations! You got the job.
Hello, is anyone there?
Man, where were you?

Phrasal Verbs Used as Interjections

Examples:

Come on! Try once more!

Usage of Interjections in Sentences

Interjections are often used in exclamatory sentences, which express strong emotions. In writing, an exclamation mark (!) is placed after the interjection.

Examples:

Hurrah! We won the game.
Wow! What a beautiful car.

Converting Exclamatory Sentences into Indirect Speech

When converting exclamatory sentences into indirect speech, the interjection is typically omitted and replaced by a descriptive phrase such as exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, or exclaimed with wonder.

Direct speech:

They said, “Hurrah! I passed the exam.”

Indirect speech:

They exclaimed with joy that he had passed the exam.

Direct speech:

He said, “Oh! I lost my wallet.”

Indirect speech:

He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his wallet.

Direct speech:

She said, “Wow! What a beautiful flower it is.”

Indirect speech:

She exclaimed with wonder that what a beautiful flower it was.

Common Interjections

1. Joy / Happiness

Hurrah / Hurray
Yahoo
Bravo
Yay
Hooray
Woohoo

2. Surprise / Astonishment

Wow
Whoa
Oh
Ah
Aha

3. Sorrow / Regret

Alas
Oh (in sorrowful context)
Aw
Oops (sometimes regretful)
Damn

4. Pain / Discomfort

Ouch
Ow
Yikes
Eww / Ew

5. Disgust / Distaste

Eww / Ew
Yuck

6. Fear / Alarm

Oh no
Ah
Yikes
Whoa

7. Anger / Frustration

8. Attention / Greeting

Hello
Hi
Hey
Yo
Greetings
Attention

9. Scorn / Contempt

Huh
Bah
Pfft
Tsk