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Present Indefinite Tense

Present indefinite tense is also known as present simple tense.

This tense is used to express an action that occurs in the present time. These actions include habitual or repeated actions, scheduled actions occurring on regular basis, and facts that stand true all the time.

The following examples express actions generally occurring on regular basis.

He works in a factory.                                               
He plays football.                                           
She loves her kids.                                         
The shop closes at 9 P.M.      

The following examples express facts that stand true all the time.

The sun rises in the east.
Water maintains its level.

Structure of Sentence:

1st form of the verb (or base form) is used as the main verb.

  POSITIVE SENTENCES

 Subject + main verb + object.
 Subject + 1st form of verb + object.

 If the subject of the sentence is ‘he, she, it, or a singular noun', then ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ is added to the verb.

Examples:
I go to school daily.
He goes to school daily.
He works in a hospital.
She lives in London.
We play football.
They make chairs.
She likes coffee.
He earns a lot of money.
I love my kids.
He writes a letter.
The doctor treats patients.
The engineer repairs machines.
She washes her clothes.
They help poor people.
I sleep at 10 PM.
I expect good manners from you.
I know him very well.
This box contains three balls.
Water flows in the river.
The sun rises in the east.

  NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

In negative sentences ‘do/does’ (along with not) is as a helping verb.

 Subject + helping verb + not + main verb + object
 Subject + do/does + not + main verb + object

 If the subject of the sentence is ‘he, she, it, or a singular noun, then ‘does not’ is used.
If the subject is ‘I, we, you, they or a plural noun’, then ‘do not’ is used.
Remember, ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ is not added to the verb in negative sentences.

Examples.
 I do not write a letter.
He does not write a letter.
He does not eat vegetables.
She does not take her medicine.
They do not play cricket.
I do not wash my clothes.
He does not waste his time.
She does not drive a car.
You do not speak the truth.
I do not need your help.
They do not sell fruits.
Sara does not clean her room.
I do not tell a lie.
We do not make chairs.

  QUESTION SENTENCES

The question sentence starts with the helping verb do or does.

 Helping verb + subject + main verb + object
 Do/Does + subject + 1st form of verb + object

If the subject of the sentence is ‘he, she, it, or a singular noun, then ‘does’ is used.
If the subject is ‘I, we, you, they or a plural noun’, then ‘do’ is used.
Remember, ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ is not added to the verb in question sentences.

Examples:
Does he work in a factory?
Does she eat fruits?
Do they live in London?
Does he study his books?
Does she spend a lot of money?

Do you wash your clothes?
Do we clean our house?
Does Sara sing a song?
Does David write an essay?
Do I look good in this dress?
Do I tell a lie?
Do you like coffee?
Do you need any help?